@article{KWW2008c,
    TITLE = {Age Structure Changes and Extraordinary Lifespan in Wild Medfly
             Populations},
   AUTHOR = {James R. Carey and Nikos T. Papadopoulous and Hans-Georg M"{u}ller
             and Byron I. Katsoyannos and Nikos A. Kouloussis and Jane-Ling Wang
             and Kenneth Wachter and Wei Yu and and Pablo Liedo},
  JOURNAL = {Aging Cell},
   VOLUME = {7},
    PAGES = {426--437},
     YEAR = {2008},
       ID = {info:doi/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00390.x},
 ABSTRACT = {The main purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that
             major changes in age structure occur in wild populations of the
             Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) and that a substantial fraction of
             individuals survive to middle age and beyond (> 3--4 weeks). We
             thus brought reference life tables and deconvolution models to bear
             on medfly mortality data gathered from a 3-year study of field-
             captured individuals that were monitored in the laboratory. The
             average time-to-death of captured females differed between sampling
             dates by 23.9, 22.7, and 37.0 days in the 2003, 2004, and 2005
             field seasons, respectively. These shifts in average times-to-death
             provided evidence of changes in population age structure. Estimates
             indicated that middle-aged medflies (> 30 days) were common in the
             population. A surprise in the study was the extraordinary longevity
             observed in field-captured medflies. For example, 19 captured
             females but no reference females survived in the laboratory for 140
             days or more, and 6 captured but no reference males survived in the
             laboratory for 170 days or more. This paper advances the study of
             aging in the wild by introducing a new method for estimating age
             structure in insect populations, demonstrating that major changes
             in age structure occur in field populations of insects, showing
             that middle-aged individuals are common in the wild, and revealing
             the extraordinary lifespans of wild-caught individuals due to their
             early life experience in the field.},
   }